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MAIN EXAMINATION

MAJOR NEEDS

Knowledge-base and visionary outlook

Knowledge-base and visionary outlook

Knowledge-base and visionary outlook

As Main Examination has conventional questions thus it needs broadening of knowledge-base and opinion formation, and impressive presentation . More so ideas and views cannot be presented well unless and until one retains well. 

Answer writing practice

Knowledge-base and visionary outlook

Knowledge-base and visionary outlook

Answer writing practice is immensely important for  the Main Examination, however for that a degree of exam preparation is needed. As a large part of questions are based on current  inspired topics  thus one should keep track.    

Main examinatioN general studies - four papers

GENERAL STUDIES - PAPER I

GENERAL STUDIES - PAPER II

GENERAL STUDIES - PAPER II

Its  broader segments are  Modern History, World History, Culture , Art, Architecture,  Social Issues and Geography . 

GENERAL STUDIES - PAPER II

GENERAL STUDIES - PAPER II

GENERAL STUDIES - PAPER II

Its broader segments are Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations. 

GENERAL STUDIES - PAPER III

GENERAL STUDIES - PAPER III

GENERAL STUDIES - PAPER III

Its broader segments are Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management. 

GENERAL STUDIES - PAPER IV

GENERAL STUDIES - PAPER III

GENERAL STUDIES - PAPER III

It is on Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude and Case Studies on issues in theses parts. 

Main exam GENeral studies segments

HISTORY & CULTURE

HISTORY & CULTURE

HISTORY & CULTURE

This part is based on modern history, freedom struggle, art, architecture, post-independence consolidation, world history, etc. As world history is broad thus it needs focused reading of relevant areas. 

SOCIAL ISSUES

HISTORY & CULTURE

HISTORY & CULTURE

This part is based on issues of Indian society, diversity in India, role of women’s organisations, population, poverty, urbanisation, effect of globalisation on Indian society, social empowerment, communism, regionalism, secularism, etc. 

GEOGRAPHY

HISTORY & CULTURE

BASIC POLITY & CONSTITUTION

This part includes features of world physical geography, distribution of key natural resources across the world, factors affecting location of industries, geophysical phenomenon such as earthquake, tsunami, volcanic activity, cyclone, etc. 

BASIC POLITY & CONSTITUTION

BASIC POLITY & CONSTITUTION

BASIC POLITY & CONSTITUTION

Basic polity and Constitution includes Constitutional provisions, Constitutional-political issues, Union and States, separation of powers, comparison of Indian Constitution with that of other countries,  legislature, executive and judiciary, Representation of People Act, Constitutional, statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial  bodies, etc. 

SOCIAL JUSTICE & GOVERNANCE

BASIC POLITY & CONSTITUTION

SOCIAL JUSTICE & GOVERNANCE

Social Justice  includes welfare schemes, laws and institutions for for vulnerable sections, development and management of social sector, issues relating to poverty and hunger, etc. Governance is on governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance, citizens charters, transparency and accountability, institutional and other measures, civil service in a democracy, etc. 

DIPLOMACY

BASIC POLITY & CONSTITUTION

SOCIAL JUSTICE & GOVERNANCE

This part includes India and its neighbourhood, bilateral relations and global groupings, effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, important international institutions/agencies, etc. 

ECONOMY

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

This parts includes planning, resource mobilisation, growth, development, employment, government budgeting, cropping patterns, irrigation, transport, agriculture, farm subsidies, public distribution system, technology missions, food processing, land reforms, effects of liberalisation, infrastructure, investment models, etc.  

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

This part includes developments in science & technology and effects on everyday life, achievements of Indians in science & technology, indigenisation of technology, advancements in the field of IT, Space, robotics, nano-technology, intellectual property rights, etc. 

ENVIRONMENT

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

This part includes conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment, etc. 

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

ETHICS, INTEGRITY & APTITUDE

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

This part incudes disaster and disaster management. 

INTERNAL SECURITY

ETHICS, INTEGRITY & APTITUDE

ETHICS, INTEGRITY & APTITUDE

This part includes development and spread of extremism, external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security, challenges to internal security through communication networks, cyber security, management of border areas, various security forces, etc.  

ETHICS, INTEGRITY & APTITUDE

ETHICS, INTEGRITY & APTITUDE

ETHICS, INTEGRITY & APTITUDE

This part tests candidates‘ attitude on integrity, probity in public life, problem solving approach, ethics and human interface, human values, attitude, aptitude, emotional intelligence, moral thinkers, civil service values and ethics in Public Administration, Probity in Governance - Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Citizens’ Charters, etc. And Case Studies on these issues. 

OPTIONAL SUBJECT IN MAIN EXAMINATION - MAKING A RIGHT CHOICE

Place of optional subject in civil services main examination

The Place of Optional Subject

The Significance of Optional Subject

The Significance of Optional Subject

While General Studies tests the broader awareness of a candidate in multiple domains  with a current perspective, the Optional Subject tests the deeper intellectual ability in a more defined domain with a choice to a candidate. More defined syllabus proves a boon for a candidate in preparation and performance. 

The Significance of Optional Subject

The Significance of Optional Subject

The Significance of Optional Subject

Out of 9  Papers of Mains written, two papers , one on Indian Language, & two on General English are only qualifying in nature. So out of 7 Papers of Mains written two Papers are of optional which carry 250 marks each or a total of 500, out of 1750 marks of Mains written taken for ranking (+275 of Interview). 

the optional subject - Make a right Choice

Factors in choosing an optional

Place of updates and writing skills

Place of updates and writing skills

Optional subject needs relatively deeper insight, thus one should look to the right aptitude for it. Besides, one should pay attention to time needed, availability of study material, coaching and support, syllabus, trends of questions in the exam, etc. If there is some overlapping with a part of General Studies, that is an added advantage. 

Place of updates and writing skills

Place of updates and writing skills

Place of updates and writing skills

Some subjects require more updation and impressive writing skills thus one should look to that. One can also consider how far the earlier knowledge even before the start of preparation for the exam can help in boosting up its preparation and saving time. 

The subject which fits one well

Place of updates and writing skills

Some subjects may not fit everybody

One should be able to retain interest in the subject in order to perform well in the two papers of the optional subject. The optional subject which better suits or fits a candidate is a more important factor, rather then placing so high importance to the high popularity of the subject. 

Some subjects may not fit everybody

Some subjects may not fit everybody

Some subjects may not fit everybody

Yet some subjects are more scientific and technical in nature, thus a candidate newer for them may have to be careful while choosing optional subject or even may have to avoid them. 

Still, a broad choice available

Some subjects may not fit everybody

Even language literature subjects

There are a large number of optional subjects available in the Main Examination, from amongst which one can choose an optional subjects. 

Even language literature subjects

Some subjects may not fit everybody

Even language literature subjects

There are various language literature subjects as well from which one can choose, if one has needed interest and aptitude for any of these language literature subjects. 

Resembling subjects available

Resembling subjects available

Resembling subjects available

Some subjects which are not available, one can look to the resembling subject with much overlapping syllabus. But this may help considerably in part of syllabus, however a part of the syllabus may still be considerably new for  a candidate  in that optional. 

Compare by narrowing choice

Resembling subjects available

Resembling subjects available

While looking at the list of the optional subjects, a candidate can easily eliminate quite a few of them which don’t fit one. Then after, through further analysing the needs, one can further narrow the choice, then one can finally compare the few probable optionals and choose right optional subject for the Mains.  

Still, time important factor

Resembling subjects available

Still, time important factor

What-so-ever, the time needed for preparing the optional subject as per the needs and standards of the Main Examination one quite important factor, that possibly is one important reason apart from some others, that still a large number of candidates opt for optional subject from humanities and social sciences. 

ESSAY PAPER in the main examination

PLACE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ESSAY PAPER

Weightage in the Examination

Weightage in the Examination

Weightage in the Examination

Essay Paper in the Main Examination is for 250 marks, and its marks are included in 1750 those marks of Mains written which are taken for final selection and ranking (+275 of interview). And there are significant variations in Essay Paper marks of candidates qualifying Main Examination. 

Writing Skills Development

Weightage in the Examination

Weightage in the Examination

One needs to write two essays in the in this Paper, one essay each from the two sections in the Paper. As one needs to write concise , organised and effective essay with exact expression thus there is a need to develop writing skills and do writing practice, which may even help elsewhere in the Main written. 

A Wide Range of Topics or Issues

A Thorough Coverage With a Clarity of Ideas

A Thorough Coverage With a Clarity of Ideas

There are a  wide range of topics from which traditional or contemporary issues appear in the essay paper say Social, Cultural, Philosophical, Historical, Political, Administrative,  Scientific, Economic, etc. So essay  preparation overlaps with preparation of General Studies, or even some optional subjects. 

A Thorough Coverage With a Clarity of Ideas

A Thorough Coverage With a Clarity of Ideas

A Thorough Coverage With a Clarity of Ideas

As instructed length length of each essay in the exam is 1000 - 1200 words, thus one needs to prepare issues thoroughly. For effective and exact expression there should be clarity in ideas and outlook. This orientation in thinking and analysis helps in broader aspects of the preparation for the examination. 

ISSUES FOR MAIN EXAMINATION

r-DNA technology

WHAT IS r-DNA TECHNOLOGY?

rDNA or Recombinant -DNA Technology denotes artificially combining DNAs from two or more different organisms so as to create new DNA molecule. So such a combination can lead to creation of some new traits non-existent earlier. 

Usages of R-DNA Technology

Vaccines

Human Insulin

Human Insulin

Derived from pathogen, it stimulates the immune system so as to fight that pathogen thus it prevents diseases for example COVID-19 vaccination. 

Human Insulin

Human Insulin

Human Insulin

Much  useful for patients suffering from diabetes, earlier it was manufactured out of pig or cow pancreas, now there are much advancements. 

GM-Crops

Human Insulin

GM—Animals

GM -crops say GM-cotton or others help in improving productivity and with better nutritional value, are part of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), a possible solution for likely food crisis due to increasing population. 

GM—Animals

Medicinal usages

GM—Animals

GM-Animals are also a sort of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), and movement continued along with GM-Crops, and may expand further in future. 

Bio-technology

Medicinal usages

Medicinal usages

r-DNA Technology is of much use in Bio-Technology and Genetic Engineering, which are important technological revolutions now in the Life Sciences. 

Medicinal usages

Medicinal usages

Medicinal usages

There are its broad medicinal usage in Gene-therapy, antibiotics production, drug metabolism investigation and beyond that, thus leading to more advancements in medicines. 

Molecular computing

Food sufficiency and nutrition

Molecular computing

Molecular Computing with use of Bio-chip based on rDNA Technology using Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine for memory is other important technological revolution coming up. 

Disease control

Food sufficiency and nutrition

Molecular computing

It has also proved useful for disease control through efforts such as for mosquito control, and it is expected will go a long way in prevention and control of diseases.  

Food sufficiency and nutrition

Food sufficiency and nutrition

Food sufficiency and nutrition

As the population of the world increases but there are limitations of land size, thus efforts are needed GM-crops or other efforts for improved productivity and increased nutritional value. 


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